Publication Ethics

The journal's policies follow the Core Practices of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and apply to authors, reviewers and editors.

• Authors submit original work that is not under consideration elsewhere, list everyone who made a substantial contribution, cite their sources, describe their data and any use of AI tools, and declare funding and conflicts of interest.
• Reviewers keep manuscripts confidential, judge them objectively, declare conflicts of interest and do not use unpublished material for their own work.
• Editors decide on academic merit alone, independently of the authors' identity, nationality or institution, and keep the review process confidential.
• Suspected plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication and citation manipulation are handled following COPE guidance. Corrections, expressions of concern and retractions are published when needed.

COPE Core Practices